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Introduction to DB2 grant

DB2 grant is a statement available in DB2 that can assign privileges to perform certain operations on certain entities or objects present in the database, such as tables, views, or any nicknames, i.e. aliases. Further, we can also mention if the user to which the privileges are assigned will have the privilege to grant the assigned privilege to some other user or group by making the use of the grant option. In this article, we will study the syntax of the grant statement in DB2 and learn about how it can be used in the database and its implementation with the help of a number of examples.

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Syntax

The syntax of the grant privilege in DB2 is as shown below –

GRANT PRIVILEGES – It is compulsory to mention these keywords for using the grant statement in DB2.

(ALL) – This is the optional clause that can be used to specify whether we have to assign the privilege of performing all or only certain specified operations using this grant statement.

If all is mentioned, all the privileges except the control privilege are assigned on the table name or view name, whatever is specified in the on clause. This will happen only when the name of the authorization mentioned in the statement has ACCESSCTRL authority or SECADM authority with him or has the control privilege on the table or view whatever is mentioned in the entity.

If the authorized user does not satisfy any of the two mentioned conditions, then all those privileges with the authorization user on the specified entity that is table or view.

If we have not used this ALL-in statement, we should specify the privileges to be granted.

ALTER / CONTROL / DELETE / INDEX / INSERT – Anyone or many of the mentioned operations can be specified in the DB2, telling about what type of operations the user or group will be allowed to perform after executing this grant statement.

Types of privileges

The different types of access and operable permissions assigned to the user or group are mentioned below.

Permission or privilege Details

SELECT Permission to do SELECT query statements on any given table

INSERT Permission to do INSERT query statements on any given table

UPDATE Permission to do UPDATE query statements on any given table

DELETE Permission to do DELETE query statements on any given table

REFERENCES Permission for creating a constraint in SQL on the given table to refer to other entities in the database.

ALTER Permission to do ALTER TABLE query statements which can modify the definition of the table.

ALL This allows the user to give the permissions to perform SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and REFERENCES query statements on any given table. These are not all the permissions but ANSI-92 permissions.

SELECT / UPDATE – We can specify the entity or name of the table in the table name or also a view by using the view name after the select or update clause.

Column name(s) – We need to specify the column names on which this privilege is allowed after selecting or updating the statement.

Authorization name – This can be either a user, group, or role, which is generally used to specify to who we need to assign the specified privilege to in the grant statement.

WITH GRANT OPTION – This is again the optional clause that can be used if we have to tell that the permission to assign the same privilege assigned using this grant statement is allowed to the user, group or public if mentioned. If we are not mentioning grant privilege here, then the user or group to whom we have assigned the privilege won’t be able to assign the same privilege to any other user or group.

Examples of DB2 grant

Let us understand how we can make use of the grant statement and learn about its implementation in the DB2 database with the help of certain examples.

Example #1

Let us create one table named employee_details using the following query statement.

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Output:

We have also inserted some of the rows in the table, and after we query on the employee_details table for retrieving all the data using the select query statement shown below, we get the result set containing all rows in it.

SELECT * FROM [employee_details]

The output of the execution of the above query statement is as shown below –

We have one user who does not have access to the employee tables table. Hence, when that user tries to do the same select query as shown below, he gets the error saying he does not have the grant permissions on the table.

Consider that table named employee_details in our database on which we have to publicly assign the permissions on this table. We can do this by using the following query statement –

GRANT ALL ON employee_details TO PUBLIC;

The execution of the above query statement gives out the following output –

Now. If the same user goes for accessing the data of the employee details table, he can see all the rows because we have assigned all the privileges on the employee details table to the public, which means that any user can use this table. The user gets the following output after doing the select query on the table.

SELECT * FROM [employee_details]

Example #2

Assigning privileges to user and group along with permission to extend it.

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we have to assign the insert and select permissions on this table to user Payal and the group AM04. In this case, both the group and the user will be granted select and insert privileges, and also two rows will be added in SYSCAT.TABAUTH catalog view. We can do this by using the following query statement –

WITH GRANT OPTION

The execution of the above query statement gives out the following output –

Now both Payal user and AM04 group can execute the following select instruction on the customers_details table –

SELECT * FROM customers_details;

The execution of the above query gives the following output –

Conclusion

We can make use of the GRANT statement in DB2 to assign privileges of different operations on multiple entities like tables and views in the database. We can also control whether the assigned privileges to that user or group can be further extended by them and assigned to other users or groups using the grant option. Finally, we can also assign the privileges on the nickname of the existing entity of the database.